What are the three main types of CVADs?

• A. Peripheral catheters, Tunneled catheters, Port-a-caths
• B. Non-tunneled catheters, Tunneled catheters, Port-a-caths
• C. Fixed catheters, Tunneled catheters, Peripheral catheters
• D. Non-tunneled catheters, Fixed catheters, Port-a-caths

Answer: (B)

The three main types of Central Venous Access Devices (CVADs) are non-tunneled catheters, tunneled catheters, and port-a-caths. Each of these types serves specific purposes in clinical practice and is chosen based on patient needs and the duration of therapy.

Non-tunneled catheters are often used for short-term access, typically placed in emergency situations or for patients requiring immediate venous access for treatments such as administration of medications, fluids, or blood products. They are inserted directly into a large vein, such as the jugular or subclavian vein.

Tunneled catheters, on the other hand, are designed for long-term use. These catheters are surgically placed through the skin and tunneled under the subcutaneous tissue to a large vein. This design minimizes the risk of infection and allows for prolonged use, making them ideal for patients needing long-term intravenous therapy, like chemotherapy.

Port-a-caths, or implantable ports, are devices placed beneath the skin that provide long-term venous access. They consist of a small reservoir connected to a catheter. The port can be accessed with a special needle, allowing for infusions and blood draws without repeated venous punctures.