What complication can arise from improper placement of a CVAD?

• A. Pneumonia
• B. Pneumothorax
• C. Hemorrhage
• D. Cardiac arrest

Answer: (B)

Improper placement of a Central Venous Access Device (CVAD) can indeed lead to a pneumothorax, which is the correct answer. This complication occurs when the needle or catheter inadvertently punctures the pleural space during the insertion process, causing air to enter the space between the lungs and the chest wall. The accumulation of air can lead to lung collapse, which may result in respiratory distress and increased pressure on the lungs.

Pneumothorax is a critical concern, especially in procedures involving subclavian or internal jugular vein access where the catheter is placed near the thoracic cavity. Patient monitoring and adherence to correct placement techniques can minimize this risk.

Other complications like pneumonia, hemorrhage, and cardiac arrest may occur in connection with CVAD use but are not direct consequences of incorrect placement. Pneumonia is typically associated with infection rather than the placement itself. Hemorrhage can stem from vessel puncture or complications post-insertion, while cardiac arrest is a severe outcome that could result from various critical conditions but is not specific to the improper placement of a CVAD.